KIDNEY

KIDNEY The kidneys are organs of excretion. As part of the urinary system, kidney function filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and threw it together with water in the form of urine. Branch of medicine that studies the kidneys and the disease is called nephrology. Location Human beings have a pair of kidneys are located behind the stomach or abdomen. The kidneys are located on the right and left spine, below the liver and spleen. At the top (superior), the kidney is an adrenal gland (also called the suprarenal gland). The kidneys are retroperitoneal, which means that lie behind the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity .. Both kidneys wrapped by two layers of fat (perirenal and pararenal fat) which help reduce shock. Structure details In adults, each kidney has a length of about 11 cm and 5 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams. Kidneys have a shape like a bean with the indentation facing the inside. In each kidney is an opening called the hilum of the renal artery that connects, renal vein, and ureter. Outermost part of the kidney called the cortex, the deeper part is called the medulla. Innermost part is called the pelvis. In the medulla of human kidney can also be seen the pyramids, which is opening channels gatherer. Kidney wrapped by a layer of loose connective tissue called the capsule. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron that could be more than one million in each normal adult human kidney. Nephron function as regulator of water and solutes (especially electrolytes) in the body by filtering the blood, then mereabsorpsi fluid and molecules that are still needed for the body. The final result is then excreted called urine. A nephron consists of a filter component called korpuskula (or Malpighian body), followed by the channels (tubules). Each roll contains korpuskula blood capillaries called the glomerulus within Bowman's capsule. Each glomerulus receive blood flow from afferent arteries. Of glomerular capillary walls have pores for filtration or filtration .. Among the blood in the glomerulus and the room filled with fluid in Bowman's capsule, there are three layers: 1. capillary endothelium cell layer of the glomerulus 2. rich layer of basement membrane proteins as 3. layer of epithelial cells lining Bowman's capsule (podosit) With the help of pressure, fluid blood Dalan pushed out of the glomerulus, through the third layer and into the room in Bowman's capsule in the form of glomerular filtrate. Kidney tissue. The blue color indicates a single tubule Renal tubules is a continuation of the Bowman's capsule. The segment that drains glomerular filtrate from Bowman's capsule is called the proximal convoluted tubule. in the filtrate into the convoluted tubules and collecting tubules by osmosis. Fluid flows from the distal convoluted tubule into the collecting system consisting of: • connecting tubule • cortical collecting tubule • kloektivus tubules medularis